科研動態(tài)

近幾年，在雞群中出現(xiàn)一種以肝破裂血水為主要特征的疾病，簡稱為肝破裂血水綜合征，給養(yǎng)殖單位造成較大經(jīng)濟損失。為探究雞肝破裂血水綜合征發(fā)生原因，采集11省區(qū)市9種品系雞的458份臨床肝破裂血水樣本，開展病原分離以及分子生物學檢測、病理學診斷、內毒素檢測和動物試驗，并結合流行病學調查進行病因探討。病原分離結果顯示：檢測到大腸桿菌14份，占比2.8%；沙門氏菌7份，占比1.5%；未檢測到彎曲桿菌以及未分離到相關病毒。PCR、RT-PCR結果顯示：檢測到禽腺病毒（FAdV）3份，占比0.66%；禽戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）1份，占比0.22%；未檢測到雞傳染性貧血病毒（CIAV）、馬立克病毒（MDV）、禽白血病病毒（ALV）。Random PCR檢測未發(fā)現(xiàn)RNA和DNA病毒；內毒素檢測發(fā)現(xiàn)15份樣本超標，占比3.3%。動物試驗結果顯示，腹腔攻毒不能復制出臨床肝破裂血水表征。選取11省區(qū)市99份有代表性的肝臟樣本，固定后病理學診斷發(fā)現(xiàn)：無疑似髓樣白血病/白血病病理變化；疑似細菌造成的壞死性肝炎4份，占比4.04%；疑似禽網(wǎng)狀內皮細胞增生病并發(fā)血管瘤病理變化1份，占比2.02%；淀粉樣變94份，占比93.94%。流行病學調查發(fā)現(xiàn)：該病在全國各地均有發(fā)病，發(fā)病雞品種和日齡廣泛，無明顯季節(jié)性；同一雞場不同品種，在飼料、免疫和管理都一致的情況下，有的品種肝破裂血水，有的品種正常。以上研究表明，近幾年雞群中出現(xiàn)的肝破裂血水綜合征病例與常見的可引起雞肝破裂出血的因素無明顯相關性，初步分析與雞體本身存在遺傳自身免疫性缺陷因素有關，機體反應過度，出現(xiàn)細胞因子風暴綜合征導致雞肝臟淀粉樣變出血，從而出現(xiàn)肝臟破裂血水的臨床癥狀。

Exploration on the Causes of Chicken Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome

In recent years，an animal disease mainly characterized by liver hemorrhage（liver hemorrhagic syndrome）appeared in chicken，resulting in huge economic loss to poultry industry. In order to identify relevant causes，458 clinical lesion samples were collected from 9 chicken lines in 11 provinces/districts/cities for pathogen isolation，molecular biological detection，pathological diagnosis，endotoxin test and experiment on animals，the causes for the disease were discussed based on epidemiological investigation results. It was shown that，by pathogen isolation，14 samples of Escherichia coli and 7 samples of Salmonella were detected out，accounting for 2.8% and 1.5%，respectively，no Campylobacter or other virus was detected or isolated. It was concluded that，by PCR and RT-PCR，3 samples of fowl adenovirus（fadv）and one sample of avian hepatitis E virus（HEV）were detected out，accounting for 0.66% and 0.22%，respectively，no chicken infectious anemia virus（CIAV），Marek's disease virus（MDV）and avian leukosis virus（ALV）were detected. No RNA or DNA virus was found by Random PCR. 15 samples exceeded the standard for endotoxin，accounting for 3.3%. It was found that，by experiment on animals，the symptoms of clinical liver hemorrhage could not be reproduced by intraperitoneal challenge. 99 representative liver samples were selected from 11 provinces/districts/cities，followed by being fixed for pathological diagnosis，no suspected myeloid leukemia/leukemia pathological changes were found，4 cases of necrotic hepatitis caused by suspected bacteria，one suspected avian reticuloendotheliosis complicated with hemangioma and 94 cases of amyloidosis were observed，accounting for 4.04%，2.02% and 93.94%，respectively. By epidemiological investigation，it was found that the disease occurred all over the country，covering a wide range of varieties and age，without obvious seasonality；for different varieties in the same farm，some were with liver hemorrhage but others were normal under consistent conditions of feed，vaccination and management. In short，the cases of liver hemorrhagic syndrome found in recent years were not related to the common factors leading to liver hemorrhagic，which was connected with the genetic autoimmune defects in chicken as preliminarily analyzed，specifically，the organism reacted overly，followed by cytokine storm，resulting in amyloidosis bleeding in chicken liver，and thereby clinical symptoms of liver hemorrhage.

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