目前處于臨床試驗階段的醫(yī)用結(jié)核病疫苗共計15種，其中臨床I期6種、Ⅱ期6種、Ⅱb期2種、Ⅲ期1種。醫(yī)用疫苗的進步為牛結(jié)核病疫苗應用提供了更多的選擇。20世紀90年代起，英國、新西蘭、西班牙等國陸續(xù)開展了野生動物的牛結(jié)核病免疫田間試驗?，F(xiàn)在全球雖然仍禁止使用疫苗免疫牛，但很多學者仍然進行了大量的牛結(jié)核病疫苗研究。英國動植物健康署（APHA）通過試驗證實，卡介苗（BCG）-病毒載體疫苗聯(lián)合免疫可強化BCG免疫效果。歐盟開展了結(jié)核病階梯項目（TBSTEP），研究根除牛結(jié)核病的策略，其中包括疫苗和診斷試劑研發(fā)。此外，為擴大試驗范圍，歐盟食品安全局還要求開展牛結(jié)核病疫苗田間試驗。
Research Progress on Bovine Tuberculosis Vaccines
Presently，a total of15 kinds of medical tuberculosis vaccines are at the stage of clinical trials，including 6 kinds of vaccines at clinical stage I，6 kinds at stage II，2 kinds at stage II b，and 1 kind at stage III. With the development of medical vaccines，the bovine tuberculosis vaccines would be applied in a large range.Since the 1990s，the field trials for immunizationagainst bovine tuberculosis in wild animals have been carried out in the UnitedKingdom，New Zealand，Spain andother countries. Although it is still prohibited to use vaccines in cattle inthe world，a large number of related vaccine researcheswere carried out by many scholars. The immune effects of bacilluscalmette-guerin（BCG）could bestrengthened by combined immunization of BCG-viral vector vaccine as tested andconfirmed by British Animal and Plant Health Administration（APHA）. The Tuberculosis Staging Project（TBSTEP）was performed by European Union tostudy strategies for eradicating bovine tuberculosis，includingthe development of vaccines and diagnostic reagents. In addition，the field trials for bovine tuberculosis vaccines were also requiredto carry out by European Union Food Safety Authority so as to enlarge the scopeof trials.
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