科研動(dòng)態(tài)

冠狀病毒（Coronaviruses）在分類地位上屬于套式病毒目（Nidovirales）冠狀病毒科（Coronaviridae）正冠狀病毒亞科（Orthocoronavirinae），包括α、β、γ和δ等4個(gè)屬，可感染包括人類在內(nèi)的多種動(dòng)物。其中，α冠狀病毒屬主要感染人和豬、犬、貓、蝙蝠等，β冠狀病毒屬主要感染人和牛、馬、豬、鼠、蝙蝠等哺乳動(dòng)物，γ冠狀病毒屬主要感染雞、火雞、鴨、鵝等禽類，δ冠狀病毒屬主要感染野禽和豬。引起此次新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情的病毒（2019-nCoV）屬于冠狀病毒科β冠狀病毒屬。可感染禽類的冠狀病毒主要來(lái)自γ冠狀病毒屬和δ冠狀病毒屬。

雞傳染性支氣管炎病毒（IBV）等家禽中分離到的冠狀病毒均為γ冠狀病毒屬。家禽冠狀病毒感染危害較大的是IBV。此外，鴨冠狀病毒、鵝冠狀病毒和鴿冠狀病毒等在家禽中也有檢出。一些野禽可感染δ屬冠狀病毒（如鵝口瘡冠狀病毒HKU12等）。2013年以來(lái)，中國(guó)動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生與流行病學(xué)中心對(duì)全國(guó)17省份共計(jì)5 249份家禽樣品進(jìn)行了禽源冠狀病毒檢測(cè)，共檢測(cè)到IBV 446株，新型鴨冠狀病毒和新型鴿冠狀病毒等新型禽冠狀病毒共277株，IBV、新型鴨冠狀病毒、新型鴿冠狀病毒的檢出率分別為8.50%、2.04%、3.24%。

對(duì)2019-nCoV與禽源冠狀病毒的親緣關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，2019-nCoV與已知的禽源冠狀病毒核苷酸同源性較低；基于冠狀病毒1ab基因保守區(qū)域的進(jìn)化分析表明，2019-nCoV與禽源冠狀病毒親緣關(guān)系較遠(yuǎn)?；谏鲜龇治?，初步排除2019-nCoV來(lái)源于已知家禽冠狀病毒的可能性。

Overview on the Surveillance of Avian-orgin Coronaviruses

Coronaviruses belong to Nidovirales，family Coronaviridae，Orthocoronavirinae，which are divided into four genera：Alphacoronavirus，Betacoronavirus，Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus，and can infect many animals including humans. Among them，Alphacoronavirus mainly infects humans and pigs，dogs，cats，bats，etc.，Betacoronavirus mainly infects humans，cattle，horses，pigs，mice，bats and other mammals，and Gammacoronavirus mainly infects chickens，turkeys，ducks，geese and other birds，Deltacoronavirus mainly infects wild birds and pigs. The emerging 2019-nCoV causing novel coronavirus pneumonia（NCP）outbreak in China belongs to the Betacoronavirus of Coronaviridae. Coronaviruses that can infect birds are mainly from the Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus of Coronaviridae.

Coronaviruses isolated from poultry such as avian infectious bronchitis virus（IBV）are all Gammacoronavirus. In the avian coronaviruses，IBV is more harmful to the poultry. In addition，duck coronavirus，goose coronavirus and pigeon coronavirus were also detected. Some wild birds can be infected with Deltacoronavirus（such as thrush coronavirus HKU12，etc.）. Since 2013，a total of 5 249 poultry samples from 17 provinces in China have been detected by China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center，a total of 446 avian infectious bronchitis viruses，277 of novel duck coronaviruses and novel pigeon coronaviruses have been detected. The positive rates of avian infectious bronchitis virus，novel duck coronavirus，and novel pigeon coronavirus were 8.50%，2.04% and 3.24%，respectively.

Analysis of the relationship between 2019-nCoV and avian coronavirus found that the nucleotide homology between 2019-nCoV and known avian-orgin coronaviruses was quite lower compared with mammal-origin coronaviruses. Evolutionary analysis based on the conserved region of the coronavirus 1ab gene shows that 2019-nCoV is far from avian coronavirus. According to the above analysis results，the possibility of 2019-nCoV originating from the known avian-origin coronaviruses can be preliminarily ruled out.

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