科研動態(tài)

目前，已知感染豬群的冠狀病毒有6種，分別是豬流行性腹瀉病毒（PEDV）、豬傳染性胃腸炎病毒（TGEV）、豬呼吸道冠狀病毒（PRCV）、豬急性腹瀉綜合征冠狀病毒（SADS-CoV）、豬血凝性腦脊髓炎病毒（PHEV）和豬δ冠狀病毒（PDCoV）。在冠狀病毒科α、β、γ、δ等4個屬中，PEDV、TGEV、PRCV、SADS-CoV均為α冠狀病毒，PHEV為β冠狀病毒，PDCoV為δ冠狀病毒。PRCV在臨床上引發(fā)仔豬呼吸道癥狀，PHEV感染會造成仔豬嘔吐和神經(jīng)癥狀，其他4種病毒均可引起豬群腹瀉。

中國動物衛(wèi)生與流行病學(xué)中心對2011年以來收集自全國16個省份的2 915份臨床腹瀉豬群樣品（腸道、糞便等）進(jìn)行了PEDV、TGEV檢測，檢出PEDV陽性1 223份、TGEV陽性109份，PEDV、TGEV檢出率分別為41.96%、3.74%；對2014年以來收集自14個省份的12 430份臨床健康豬組織樣品（淋巴結(jié)、扁桃體等）進(jìn)行了PEDV檢測，檢出陽性325份，檢出率為2.61%。針對引發(fā)新型冠狀病毒肺炎的病原2019新型冠狀病毒（2019-nCoV），對2018—2019年收集自15個省份的2 658份生豬組織樣品開展了追溯性檢測，結(jié)果均為陰性。

對2019-nCoV與豬源冠狀病毒的親緣關(guān)系進(jìn)行了分析?；谌蚪M的遺傳進(jìn)化分析表明：2019-nCoV與同為β冠狀病毒屬的PHEV核苷酸同源性僅為54%，與α、δ屬豬源冠狀病毒親緣關(guān)系更遠(yuǎn)?；谝陨蠑?shù)據(jù)與分析，可初步排除2019-nCoV來源于已知豬源冠狀病毒的可能性

Brief Report on the Surveillance of Swine-origin Coronaviruses

Currently，there are six kinds of coronaviruses known to infect pigs，namely porcine epidemic diarrhea virus（PEDV），transmissible gastroenteritis virus（TGEV），porcine respiratory coronavirus（PRCV），swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus（SADS-CoV），porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus（PHEV），porcine deltacoronavirus（PDCoV）. Among the four genera of the family Coronaviridae，PEDV，TGEV，PRCV and SADS-CoV belong to Alphacoronavirus，PHEV belongs to Betacoronavirus，PDCoV belongs to Deltacoronavirus. Clinically，PRCV causes respiratory symptoms in piglets，PHEV leads to vomit and neurological symptoms in piglets，while the other four kinds of viruses cause diarrhea in swine.

Since 2011，a total of 2 915 samples（intestines or feces）of pigs with diarrhea symptom from 15 provinces in China have been tested for PEDV and TGEV by China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center，and 1 223 samples were PEDV-positive and 109 were TGEV-positive. The proportion of PEDV-positive samples and that of TGEV-positive samples of all the sample tested were 41.96%，3.74% respectively. Since 2014，a total of 12 430 tissue（lymph nodes or tonsils）samples of pigs in slaughterhouses from 14 provinces have been tested for PEDV，and 325 samples were PEDV-positive，the proportion of which was 2.61%. Retrospective detection of 2019-nCoV，which causes novel coronavirus pneumonia，was undertaken. A total of 2 658 tissue samples of pigs collected from 15 provinces during 2018 to 2019 were tested to be all 2019-nCoV negative.

The homology between 2019-nCoV and swine-origin coronaviruses was analyzed. The phylogenetic evolutionary analysis based on genome indicated that the nucleotide homology between 2019-nCoV and PHEV both of which belong to Betacoronavirus was only 54%，the other swine-origin coronaviruses which belong to Alphacoronavirus or Deltacoronavirus exhibited a longer genetic distance from 2019-nCoV. According to the data and analysis above，the possibility of 2019-nCoV originating from the known swine-origin coronaviruses could be preliminarily ruled out.

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