布魯氏菌病的早期診斷及鑒定是該病防控的重要環(huán)節(jié)，其診斷技術(shù)主要包括細(xì)菌學(xué)診斷技術(shù)、血清學(xué)診斷技術(shù)以及分子生物學(xué)診斷技術(shù)。布魯氏菌病防控應(yīng)堅(jiān)持預(yù)防為主的策略，其免疫主要以弱毒活疫苗為主，隨著分子生物學(xué)及重組DNA技術(shù)的發(fā)展，基因工程疫苗成為近年研究熱點(diǎn)，但目前尚未有鑒別疫苗免疫和自然感染的鑒別診斷技術(shù)及相應(yīng)的疫苗制品。本文對(duì)布魯氏菌病的病原學(xué)、流行病學(xué)、診斷技術(shù)和疫苗研究進(jìn)展等方面進(jìn)行概述，以期為建立靈敏性高、特異性強(qiáng)、高效便捷且易推廣的布魯氏菌病診斷技術(shù)和研發(fā)更加安全有效的布魯氏菌病疫苗提供基礎(chǔ)。
Research Progress on Brucellosis
It is the key to prevent and control brucellosis by early diagnosis and identification that mainly include the technologies of bacteriology，serology and molecular biology. The brucellosis vaccines have been playing an important role due to the strategy of“Prevention First”，and the live attenuated vaccines are commonly used at present. With the development of molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology，genetic engineering vaccine has developed rapidly and become a hotspot in recent years. However，no any differential diagnosis technologies and corresponding vaccine products for distinguishing vaccine immunity from natural infection have been available. In this paper，the etiology，epidemiology，diagnosis technology and brucellosis vaccine development status were summarized，which laid a foundation for the establishment of a popularized diagnosis technology with high sensitivity，specificity and efficiency，as well as for the development of the more effective and safer vaccines.
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