碳納米管具有多種良好的生物學特性，是近幾年科研工作者研究的熱點納米材料之一，可增強機體免疫應(yīng)答，提高特異性抗體水平，在免疫佐劑研發(fā)領(lǐng)域展現(xiàn)了良好的應(yīng)用前景。碳納米管作為免疫佐劑的優(yōu)勢在于其有極高的比表面積，可以非特異性吸附多種藥物、基因、蛋白質(zhì)等物質(zhì)；可進入免疫細胞，且不破壞細胞膜結(jié)構(gòu)，從而為抗原運輸和遞送提供了有利條件。目前關(guān)于碳納米管作用機體免疫應(yīng)答的研究取得了一定進展，但其增強機體免疫應(yīng)答的確切作用機制尚未揭示，今后需對碳納米管最佳的功能化修飾方式、最適的免疫劑量及免疫毒性三方面進行深入研究。本文總結(jié)分析了碳納米管作為佐劑的優(yōu)勢及其應(yīng)用研究情況，以及存在的潛在問題及下一步研究重點，以期為碳納米管免疫佐劑的研發(fā)提供新思路。
Research Progress on the Carbon Nanotube as a Novel Immune Adjuvant
With excellent biological properties，carbon nanotube（CNT）has become one of the key nano materials studied by science researchers in recent years，which could improve immune response and increase the level of specific antibodies，with a good application prospect in the development of immune adjuvant. With extremely high specific surface area，CNT，as an immune adjuvant，could non-specifically absorb various drugs，genes，proteins and other substances，and enter immune cells without damaging any structure of cell membrane for the purpose of providing favorable conditions to transport and deliver antigens. At present，the studies on the effect of CNT on immune response have taken a step forward，but the exact mechanism for enhancing immune response has not been identified. Therefore，the optimal functionalization，immune dose and immunotoxicity of carbon nanotubes should be further studied in the future. In the paper，the advantages and application of CNT as an adjuvant，as well as possible problems and future research focus were analyzed with a view to providing some new ideas for next step.
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