弓形蟲(chóng)?。╰oxoplasmosis）是由剛地弓形蟲(chóng)（Toxoplasma gondii）感染引起的一種人獸共患寄生蟲(chóng)病，在世界各地都有分布，宿主種類十分廣泛，人間和動(dòng)物的感染率都比較高，對(duì)人類健康和公共衛(wèi)生構(gòu)成了威脅。目前，弓形蟲(chóng)病沒(méi)有理想的藥物用于治療，早期診斷是防控該病的重要手段之一。病原學(xué)診斷是最早建立的弓形蟲(chóng)診斷方法，操作簡(jiǎn)單，結(jié)果可靠，但耗時(shí)較長(zhǎng)，無(wú)法滿足快速、高效、批量檢測(cè)的需求，因此在實(shí)驗(yàn)室診斷方面應(yīng)用逐步減少。免疫學(xué)檢測(cè)方法以ELISA和IHA方法為主，已有較為成熟的商品化試劑盒或診斷試劑，在大規(guī)模的檢測(cè)和流行病學(xué)調(diào)查中起到了很大作用。分子生物學(xué)方法與傳統(tǒng)的病原學(xué)檢測(cè)方法相比，其速度、通量、特異性、敏感性各方面都有提升，相較于免疫學(xué)診斷，避免了獲得性免疫帶來(lái)的假陽(yáng)性結(jié)果，是未來(lái)弓形蟲(chóng)病實(shí)驗(yàn)室診斷的主要發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。本文從病原學(xué)、分子生物學(xué)和免疫學(xué)方面對(duì)弓形蟲(chóng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室診斷技術(shù)進(jìn)行論述，以期為弓形蟲(chóng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室診斷和防控措施的制定提供參考。
Advances in Laboratory Diagnostic Techniques for Toxoplasma gondii
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by infection with Toxoplasma gondii，and widely distributed all over the world，with wide range of host species and high infection rates in human and animals，posing a threat to human health and public health. Considering that no ideal drug has been available for the disease，early diagnosis is one of the important means to prevent and control the disease. Etiological diagnosis is the initial method for Toxoplasma gondii，and is simple with reliable results but time-consuming，which failed to meet the needs of rapid，efficient and batch detection，and became decreasing in its application in laboratory diagnosis. Immunological detection methods mainly include ELISA and IHA，and relatively mature commercial kits or diagnostic reagents are available，which have played a great role in large-scale detection and epidemiological investigation. Compared with traditional pathogenic detection methods，molecular biological methods have been improved in speed，throughput，specificity and sensitivity，and avoided false positive results caused by acquired immunity as compared with immunological diagnosis，which represent the main development trend of laboratory diagnosis for toxoplasmosis in the future. In the paper，the laboratory diagnosis technology for Toxoplasma gondii were discussed from the aspects of etiology，molecular biology and immunology，with a view to providing a reference for the laboratory diagnosis for Toxoplasma gondii and development of measures fighting against toxoplasmosis.
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